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Hydroponic Gardening
Hydroponics is a method of growing plants
using mineral nutrient solutions, without soil. Terrestrial plants
may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only
or in an inert medium, such as perlite, gravel, or mineral wool.
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Plant physiology researchers discovered in the 19th century that
plants absorb essential mineral nutrients as inorganic ions in
water. In natural conditions, soil acts as a mineral nutrient
reservoir but the soil itself is not essential to plant growth. When
the mineral nutrients in the soil dissolve in water, plant roots are
able to absorb them. When the required mineral nutrients are
introduced into a plant's water supply artificially, soil is no
longer required for the plant to thrive. Almost any terrestrial
plant will grow with hydroponics. Hydroponics is also a standard
technique in biology research and teaching.
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Hydroponic gardening has been around for close to 900 years now. And
while its origination is credited to the Aztecs, who created several
interesting water gardens, hydroponic gardening did not really
become popular or feasible on a large scale until the early 1900s.
Professor Gericke is credited with the reinvention of hydroponic
gardening, as he was the first person to demonstrate since the
Aztecs that plants could be feasibly grown without soil. He
originally demonstrated this by using a number of primitive, ionic
solutions.
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Hydroponic gardening is quite different today from what it was with
either Gericke or the Aztecs. Growers and inventors have since
created numerous devices to speed the growing process, to increase
plant density, and to increase the size and nutrient-richness of the
yield.
Hydroponic gardening today essentially has two
components: the first component or requirement is that the growing
must take place in a relatively controlled area. The second
requirement is that the growing must occur in a water-based nutrient
solution, rather than soil. Hydroponic growers believe that if the
first criterion is satisfied, then they will have a much better
chance of preventing plant disease, which is often transmitted
through soils. Additionally, they believe they will be able to
better adjust a controlled environment than they would a natural
environment, even though a natural environment might provide them
with some significant cost-reduction benefits (such as free light
and free nutrients).
Growers also believe that, through hydroponic gardening, they can
reduce the amount of time they would normally spend tilling soil or
dousing fields in pesticides¡Xboth of which are big time and money
savers. So will hydroponic techniques ultimately out-compete large
scale plant-growing? Only time will tell, but for now, hydroponics
certainly looks like a viable option for small-scale plant growing
and hobby plant growing. It could well prove to be an extremely
important farming technique in future as available soil areas that
are suitable for farming declines.
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